Hydroquinone
对苯二酚
Also known as: HQ
What it does
- Most potent skin lightener
- Inhibits melanin production
- Treats melasma
Effective concentration
Minimum 2% Optimal 4% (Rx)
OTC 2% in many countries. 4% requires prescription. Use max 3-5 months then break.
Evidence
Strong evidenceGold standard for hyperpigmentation treatment. Must be used under medical supervision.
Skin types
Well suited for: All
Use with caution: Sensitive Darker Skin Tones
Can cause ochronosis with prolonged use. Must use sunscreen.
Helps with
Dark Spots & Hyperpigmentation Melasma Dark Spots
Interactions
Use with care Benzoyl Peroxide
Can temporarily stain skin dark. Avoid using simultaneously.
Works well with Retinol
Retinoids enhance hydroquinone efficacy. Common in Kligman formula.
Irritation potential
Medium
Comedogenic rating
0 / 5
Pregnancy
Avoid during pregnancy
Avoid during pregnancy. Significant systemic absorption.
Good to know
Most effective brightening agent but requires medical guidance. Banned OTC in some countries. Cycle on/off.
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Analyze a productEducational information only — not medical advice. Always patch test and consult a dermatologist for skin concerns.